2.1 no image

（1）原因分析：沒有圖像是內窺鏡最常出現的故障，物鏡的損壞或者進水、內管柱狀透鏡的碎裂都會出現沒有圖像的現象，而內管透鏡只要其中一個柱狀透體碎裂就會導致沒有圖像。

(1) Cause analysis: no image is the most common failure of the endoscope. The damage of the objective or the water inflow and the fragmentation of the inner cylinder lens will lead to the phenomenon of no image, while the fragmentation of one of the inner cylinder lens will lead to no image.

（2）排除方法：首先，借助放大鏡檢查鏡身有沒有凹痕或者彎曲；其次，看物鏡端有沒有破裂；最后，檢查鏡子是否因密封性能不好造成進水。

(2) Troubleshooting: first, check whether the mirror body is dented or bent with the aid of a magnifying glass; second, check whether the end of the objective lens is cracked; finally, check whether the mirror has water inflow due to poor sealing performance.

2.2 圖像發暗

2.2 image darkening

（1）原因分析：圖像發暗通常是由光源引起的，物鏡和光纖上的污物及硬鏡管內有潮氣進入也會使圖像發暗。

(1) Cause analysis: image darkening is usually caused by the light source. The dirt on the objective lens and optical fiber and moisture in the hard mirror tube will also darken the image.

（2）排除方法：首先，采用更換法檢查光纖是不是斷裂太多（一般情況下光纖斷裂不超過15%可以繼續使用，一旦超過15%就會出現圖像發暗的現象）；其次，檢查硬鏡的物鏡和光纖上有沒有污物及灰塵；最后，檢查鏡子的密封性是否完好。

(2) Elimination method: first, use replacement method to check whether the optical fiber breaks too much (generally, the optical fiber can continue to use if it breaks no more than 15%, and the image will be dark if it exceeds 15%); second, check whether there is dirt and dust on the objective lens and optical fiber of the hard mirror; finally, check whether the sealing of the mirror is intact.

2.3圖像發黃

2.3 yellow image

（1）原因分析：圖像發黃大多數情況是由于物鏡組故障導致。

(1) Cause analysis: most of the yellowing of the image is caused by the failure of the objective lens group.

（2）排除方法：首先，查看機器上的色彩參數是否設置正確；其次，檢查是不是有潮氣進入內鏡；最后，觀察物鏡組上的黏膠有沒有老化引起的發黃。

(2) Elimination method: first, check whether the color parameters on the machine are set correctly; second, check whether there is moisture entering the endoscope; finally, observe whether the glue on the objective lens group has the yellowing caused by aging.

2.4圖像內發現灰塵

2.4 dust found in the image

（1）原因分析：圖像內有灰塵一是物鏡、目鏡外有污物或者是整個光學系統比較臟引起的，二是柱狀透體與間隔管柱在使用期間有摩擦現象，也會產生細小粉末，時間長以灰塵狀反映在圖像上。

(1) Cause analysis: there is dust in the image. First, there is dirt outside the objective lens and eyepiece, or the whole optical system is dirty. Second, there is friction between the cylindrical transparent body and the spacer string during the use, and small powder will also be produced, which will be reflected on the image in the form of dust for a long time.

（2）排除方法：檢查物鏡和目鏡上有沒有污物、灰塵和劃痕。

(2) Troubleshooting: check the objective and eyepiece for dirt, dust and scratches.

2.5 霧狀圖像

2.5 fog image

（1）原因分析：產生霧狀圖像主要是有水汽進入，特別是由于老化，水汽從物鏡端、目鏡端及光纖封口處進入鏡體。

(1) Cause analysis: the fog image is mainly caused by water vapor entering, especially due to aging, water vapor entering into the lens body from the objective lens end, eyepiece end and optical fiber seal.

（2）排除方法：檢查物鏡和目鏡端的密封性，檢查光纖接口處的密封性。

(2) Exclusion method: check the sealing of objective lens and eyepiece end, and check the sealing of optical fiber interface.

2.6 圖像變形有陰影

2.6 image deformation with shadow

（1）原因分析：圖像變形有陰影多是由人為因素導致的工作管受力彎曲變形所致，也有可能是成像系統里面出現松動引起的。

(1) Cause analysis: the shadow of image deformation is mainly caused by the bending deformation of the working pipe caused by human factors, and it may also be caused by the looseness in the imaging system.

（2）排除方法：轉動鏡子檢查鏡身是否扭曲或者彎曲。

(2) Solution: turn the mirror to check whether it is twisted or bent.

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