內鏡漏水：內鏡漏水是較為嚴重的故障，會對內窺鏡造成多方面損害。彎曲橡皮破裂是導致漏水的常見原因，在手術或檢查過程中，若患者緊張咬到插入部，或使用的口墊質量差、未正確放置，都可能使彎曲橡皮破損。同時，日常保養不善，彎曲橡皮長期受化學消毒劑侵蝕、老化，也會增加破裂風險。另外，鉗子管道破損也會引發漏水，在插入活檢鉗、異物鉗等器械時，若遇到阻力強行推進，或者器械本身有尖銳部分，就可能劃破鉗子管道。內鏡先端部與硬物碰撞，致使鏡頭破裂，同樣會造成漏水。內鏡一旦漏水，纖維鏡像束可能出現龜裂或彩虹現象，視野變得模糊；電子鏡圖像會出現不良現象，甚至 CCD 短路無圖像；光束會變硬變脆，容易折斷，亮度減弱；螺旋管可能脫落，鏡身打角度時呈蛇形；電子鏡開關按鍵還可能短路，無法正常使用其功能。?

Endoscopic leakage: Endoscopic leakage is a serious malfunction that can cause various damages to the endoscope. Bending rubber breakage is a common cause of water leakage. During surgery or examination, if the patient bites the insertion part nervously, or if the mouth pad used is of poor quality or not properly placed, it may cause the bending rubber to break. At the same time, poor daily maintenance and long-term corrosion and aging of bent rubber by chemical disinfectants can also increase the risk of rupture. In addition, damage to the forceps tube can also cause water leakage. When inserting biopsy forceps, foreign object forceps, and other instruments, if they encounter resistance and are forcefully pushed forward, or if the instrument itself has sharp parts, it may cut the forceps tube. The tip of the endoscope collides with a hard object, causing the lens to rupture and also resulting in water leakage. Once the endoscope leaks, the fiber mirror bundle may crack or rainbow, and the field of view may become blurred; Electronic mirror images may exhibit adverse phenomena, and even CCD short circuits may result in no image; The light beam will become hard and brittle, easily broken, and the brightness will decrease; The spiral tube may detach, and the mirror body may form a serpentine shape when angled; The electronic mirror switch button may also be short circuited and unable to function properly. ?

送氣、送水不暢：送氣、送水功能對于清晰觀察人體內部組織至關重要。吸引按鈕破損、密封不良，或者鉗子管道開口閥密封不良，都會導致氣體或液體泄漏，無法正常送氣、送水。吸引管道堵塞也是常見原因，檢查或手術后，人體組織碎屑、血塊等異物可能殘留在管道內，若未及時沖洗、疏通，就會阻礙氣體和液體流通。此外，吸引泵壓力設置不當，也會影響送氣、送水效果，壓力過高可能損壞管道，壓力過低則無法有效輸送氣體和液體。?

Poor air and water supply: The functions of air and water supply are crucial for clear observation of internal tissues in the human body. Damaged or poorly sealed suction buttons, or poorly sealed opening valves in pliers, can cause gas or liquid leakage, making it impossible to supply air or water normally. Blockage of suction pipes is also a common cause. After examination or surgery, foreign objects such as human tissue debris and blood clots may remain in the pipes. If not washed and unblocked in a timely manner, it will hinder the flow of gas and liquid. In addition, improper pressure setting of the suction pump can also affect the effectiveness of air and water delivery. If the pressure is too high, it may damage the pipeline, while if the pressure is too low, it cannot effectively transport gas and liquid. ?

先端部故障：內窺鏡先端部故障較為多樣。鏡面缺口、破裂通常是由于先端部與周圍堅硬物體發生碰撞，如在手術中不慎碰撞到骨骼、手術器械，或先端部意外墜落至地板，都可能導致鏡面玻璃破碎。在清洗消毒過程中，先端部與清洗槽多次頻繁接觸，長期摩擦也會造成磨損。噴嘴故障也不容忽視，先端部不小心與硬物碰撞可能使噴嘴變形、堵塞；使用內鏡后未立即清洗，臟物凝固在噴嘴里；消毒前未用洗滌劑洗凈內鏡，消毒液使蛋白質凝固，都可能導致噴嘴堵塞，影響送氣、送水以及圖像清晰度。

Front end malfunction: Endoscope front end malfunctions are quite diverse. Mirror notches and ruptures are usually caused by collisions between the tip and surrounding hard objects, such as accidentally hitting bones or surgical instruments during surgery, or accidentally falling the tip to the floor, which can lead to the breakage of the mirror glass. During the cleaning and disinfection process, the tip frequently comes into contact with the cleaning tank, and long-term friction can also cause wear and tear. Nozzle malfunction cannot be ignored, as accidental collision with hard objects at the tip may cause nozzle deformation or blockage; Not cleaned immediately after using the endoscope, dirt solidified in the nozzle; Failure to clean the endoscope with detergent before disinfection and protein coagulation caused by disinfectant may result in nozzle blockage, affecting air and water delivery as well as image clarity.

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